During the nineth century, women in the United States organized and participated in a large number of reform. movements, including movements to reorganize the prison system, improve education, ban the sale of alcohol, and, most importantly, to free the slaves. Many young women fought hard to get the right to enter the university as men did, and the right to work side by side with male workers in a factory or a mill. Some women saw similarities in the social status of women and slaves. Women like Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucy Stone were feminists and abolitionists (废奴主义者) who supported the rights of both women and blacks. A number of male abolitionists, including William Lloyd Garrison and Wendell Philips, also supported the rights of women to speak and participate equally with men in anti-slavery activities. Probably more than any other movement, abolitionism offered women a previously denied entry into politics. They became involved primarily in order to better their living conditions and the conditions of others. When the Civil War ended in 1865 , the Fourth and Fifth Amendments to the Constitution adopted in 1868 and 1870 granted citizenship and right to vote to blacks but not to women. Discouraged but resolved, feminists influenced more and more women to demand this right. In 1869 the Wyoming Territory had yielded to demands by feminists, but eastern states resisted more stubbornly than before. A women' s voting bill had been presented to every Congress since 1878 but it continually failed to pass until 1920, when the Nineth Amendment granted women the right to vote. With what topic is the passage primarily concerned?