The oceans have always served as a sink for carbon dioxide, but the burning of fossil fuels since the beginning of the industrial revolution, especially over the last 40 years, has given them more than they can (36) absorb. The result is that the oceans are becoming acid—a change in the (37) balance that threatens the oceans’ web of life.
In earth’s history, there have been many (38) of acidification, mainly from volcanic eruptions (火山喷发). According to a new research review by pale oceanographers at Columbia University, published in Science, the oceans may be (39) acid far faster than at any time in the past 300 million years.
Changing something as (40) as the PH of seawater has profound effects. Increased acidity attacks the shells of shellfish and the skeletal foundation of corals (珊瑚), dissolving the calcium carbonate (硝酸钙) they’re made of. Coral reefs are among the most diverse ecosystems on the planet. Ocean acidification (41) the corals and every other (42) that makes its living on the reefs.
The authors tried to determine which past acidification s (43) the best comparison to what is happening now. The closest ogies are disastrous s, often associated with intense volcanic activity resulting in major extinctions. The difference is that those s (44) thousands of years. We have acidified the oceans in a matter of decades, with no signs that we have the political will to slow, much less halt, the (45) .
A．absolutely
B．animals
C．changing
D．chemical
E．covered
F．episodes
G．fundamental
H．offer
I．process
J．safely
K．species
L．transmitted
M．threatens
N．turning
O．urgent