Earth Angels 1．Joying Brescia was 8-years old when shenoticed that cigarette butts (烟斗) were littering her hometown beach in Isle of Palms, SouthCarolinA．When she learned that it takes five years for the remains of acigarette to disintegrate, she decided to take action.Joying launched a'No Butts on the Beach' campaign. She raised money and awareness aboutthe need to keep the beaches clean. With the help of others, Joying also boughtor received donations of gallon-size plastic ice-cream buckets. The bucketswere filled with sand, and placed at all public-access areas of the beach. Thebuckets allowed people to dispose of their cigarettes before hitting the beach.Two years later, Joying says the buckets are full and the beach is nearly freeof cigarette debris (残片). 2．People who live in or visit Steamboat Springs, Colorado,have Carter Dunham to thankfor a new state wildlife refuge that preserves 20 acres of marshland and many species of wildlife. Carter and other students wrote a management plan for the area aroundthe Yampa River. The plan was part of a classproject when Carter was a freshmanat Steamboat Springs High School.Working with the ColoradoDivision of Wildlife,Carter and his classmates mapped the area and species of animals livingthere.They also made decisions about, among other things, where fences andparking areas should be built. 3．Barbara Brown and her friends collect oil. Itstarted as a project for their 4H Club after one of the girls noticed hether using motor oil to kill weeds on their farm in Victoria, Texas.They did some research and discovered that oil can contaminate ground water--areal er in rural areas, where people live off the water on their land．The girlsresearched ways to recycle oil and worked with a local oil-recycling company onthe issue. Now, the 'Don't Be Crude' program runs oil-collectionsites--tanks that hold up to 460 gallons--where people in the community candispose of their oil. 4．Five years ago, 11-year-old Ryan Hreljac wasa little boy with a big dream: for all the people in Africato have clean drinking water. His dream began in the first grade when he learnedthat people were dying because they didn't have clean water, and that as littleas $70 could build a well. 'We really take water for granted,' saysRyan, of Kemptville,Ontario,in Canada． 'In other countries, you have to plan for it.' Ryan earned the first$70 by doing extra chores(零工)but with the help of others, he has since raised hundreds of thousandsof dollars. His efforts led to the start of the Ryan's Well Foundation, which raisesmoney for clean water and health-related services for people in African countriesand developing countries. 第 23 题 Paragraph 1______________